Water dispersible coating vehicle



Patented Dec. 7, 1948 UNITED cross REFEfiEi-ZCE WATER DISPERSIBLE COATING VEHICLE George E. Eilerman, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Original 1943, Serial No. 513,727. Dividg and this application October 23, 194 No. 624,089

7 Claims. (01.260-22) The present invention relates to the preparation of paint vehicle which are emulsifiable in water, aims'particular relation to the preparation of such vehicles from linseed oil or other drying oil.

The objects of the invention comprise the provision of a water emulsifiable paint vehicle which forms relatively hard, water resistant and durable films; which easily forms water emulsions stable and durable over long periods of time; which forms parts having good wetting qualities; and which is relatively inexpensive to prepare.

These and other objects will be apparent from consideration of the following specification and claims.

It has heretofore been proposed to prepare paints embodying a suitable vehicle emulsified in water. When these paints were spread as films, the water quickly evaporated leaving the vehicle in place and in comparatively hard state. Emulsion paints possessed many virtues. They were inexpensive, set very quickly and were free of objectionable odors. However, the films were not usually so hard as might be desired. Their water resistance, especially in washing and in many instances pastes and emulsions were not stable upon standing.

The use of resin emulsion vehicles in present paint manufacturing facilities demands certain properties of the resin emulsion. Such vehicles must withstand any of the heating operations involved in mixing or grinding or paste paints without sacrificing any of their properties of workability. It is important that such vehicles wet" the surfaces of grinding equipment to insure proper incorporation of pigments and inerts.

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must not undergo any marked changes in invertion of phase on dilution. The wetting properties of a resin I emulsion vehicle that may be desirable as a water in oi l emulsion must not change on inverting the emulsion to an oil in water type on dilution. Any change in the wetting of the resin emulsion vehicle will prevent the even distribution of the resin and form a discontinuous film on application.

A satisfactory resin emulsion should have stability. An unstable emulsion vehicle will separate on standing into phases, one of which will cake and be difiicult to redistribute. This instability is more marked on formulated paste paints.

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must dry well on application but still show no signs of skinning asan emulsion.

s; 3 2. 50' J3" ation December 10, g

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must no; show excessive foaming on dilution,

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must have a viscosity high enough to allow for a desirable pigment to binder ratio and still permit easy brushing.

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must dilute with water easily and must be easily removed from a paint brush.

A satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle must dry to a water-insoluble film with a certain degree of surface hardness.

The present invention involves the discovery that a satisfactory resin emulsion vehicle can be prepared from composition comprising (A) hglrolyzed maleinized linseed oil, hydrolized maleinized alkyd resins, or in general from y r0 ze ma e nze na ural or synthefig iggng o 1 s, w (B) sodium silicate solution and (C) ammonium hydoxide or any water soluble organic amine.

maleinized 011 is the chemical reaction of opening the anhydride linkage of the maleic anhydride residue with the elements of water. The anhydride linkage is the group 0 o 0 t t Preparation of water emulsion vehicle A mixture of 2195 parts of linseed oil and about 8 to 15%, e. g., 245 parts of maleic anfiydride was heated to 250 C. and held at this temperature for five hours. This maleinized oil was then cooled to C. and 45 parts of wager was added. Heating at this temperature was continued for one hour to insure complete hydrolysis of the anhydride addition product. At 25 C. this vehicle will have a viscosity of 2--1 (Gardner) and an acid number of 89.2.

300 parts of the above maleinized oil and 9.4 parts of drier solution were intimately mixed. A mixture of 300 parts of water and 30 parts of a water-soluble silicate (e. g. sodium or potassium), fFr example, sodium silicate solution (41 Baum and 8.9% I -o oil-drier solution. This entire mass was stirred for about 30 minutes during which time the mixture became thick and appeared grainy. If the stirring is rapid and the time lengthened, this material will become more homogeneous and the precipitate will be more finely divided. This mixture was still acid to litmus and a water-soluble alemized oil" is defined as the ad-ij dendum product of maleic anh dride and any oil, natural or synthetic. "Hydrolysis of the basic nitrogen compound, e. g. 27 parts of ammonium hydroxide (28% NH: sp. gr. 0.9) was added to neutralize the mass completely.

Alcoholysis products of maleinized oil and Q; poholsmay also be used with sodium silicate solution to prepare satisfactory resin emulsion vehicles. Alcohols that may be used for Such products include the monoh dric alcohols, methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.; the dihydric alcohols, et y ene glycol, diethylene 1 col, triethylene glycol,- tetraethylene glycol, etc; t e no no alcohols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, mannitol, etc. In proparing these products the alcohol is used to sup ture the anhydride linkage of the A satisfactory paste paint can be prepared from the above ehicle. One valuable characteristic about the zmfiVFv'hicle is the property of wetting. A dilution of two parts of water to one of the above vehicle can still be painted onsealed surfaces and the film deposited on the surface will be continuous before and after drying. Such a film will dry and no longer be soluble inwater.

It the odor oi" ammom'a is objectionable in the above formulation, small amounts of acids such as oleic, stearic, linseed oil acids, rosin, acidic gums, etc., may be addedto neutralize anyiree alkali present. Furthermore, since it is desirable to have a certain brushing viscosity on dilution of any finished paste paint, the viscosity of the original vehicle is reinforced with small amounts of aljingtes; gums, miikcasein, or soy protein.

M Preparation of paste 1.3 lbs. of the above vehicle (35% tota'l'solid s) 0.5 lb. titanium dioxide L03 lb. t g;

was compounded on a three-roll mill. The resulting paste on dilution of two parts ofpaste to one of water gave a paint,- the viscosity of which was between 20 and 30' seconds from a full Ford cup.

In the preparation of the emulsion vehicle, the

amounts of sodium silicate solution and concentrated ammonium'hydroxide may be used in different proportions to accomplish the same result; that is, emulsions have been prepared which the acidity of the hydrolyzed maleinized oil has been neutralized by such combinations; sodium silicate solution, 85% concentrated" 1;- monium H droxide; sodium silicate-solution, 75% concentrated ammonium hydroxide; sodium silicate solution, 50% concentrated monium hydroxide; sodium silicate solution, 25% concentrated ammonium hydroxide: The larger the amount of sodium sili'catesolution, the less the gloss of the dried film. 'Ihis'eliminatloh of gloss in the vehicle is of particular advantage in the preparation of flat wall paints;

Many water-soluble amines'can besub'stituted for the concentrated ammonium hydroxide". The

following vehicles are illustrative: \D

(A) g. hydrolyzedmaleinized linseed oil(de-- soribed above) 3.1 gvdrier solution 200 g. water containing-6.8g. sodium-silicate solution- 50 g. water containing 6.5 g; morpholine' maleinized oil.

(B) 100 g. hydrolyzed maleinized linseed oil 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water containin 6.8 g. sodium silicate solution 50 g. water containing 6.7 g. 2-methyl-2- amino- 1 -pr0pa'nol' (c) 100 g". hydrolyzed miemised linseed 011 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water containing 6.8 g. sodium silicate solution 50 g". water containing 4.6 g. monoethanolamine (D) 100 g. hydrolyzed maleinized linseed oil 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water containing 6.8 sodium silicate I solution 50 g. Water containing 7.6 g. diethanolamine (E) 100 g. hydrolyzed Inaleinized linseed oil 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water con'talning'fifi g. sodium-silicate solution 50 g. water containing 21 .2 g. triethariolamine (F) 100 g. hydrolyzed maleinized linseed 011 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water with 6.8 g. sodium silicate solution 50 g. water with- 7.9 g. 2arnilio'-2'-i'nethyl-' 1,3-propanecliol G) 100 g. hydrolyzed maleinize'd linseedoil 3.1 g. drier solution 200 g. water-with- 6.8gtsodiuifi' silicate solution' 50 g. water with 9.1 g. tris methyli-"amino-methane A11 of these vehicles have the desirable pro erties described above and can be used' to' prepare a paste paint that can be diluted with water.

The above observations are not limited to the use of maleinized linseed oil; Any long-onlen h a sin may be used in place of the linseed oil. The following are examplesz' 1756 parts of linseed oil and QZpa'rts of glycei'ine ere-heated to 200 c. and 2 g. or iithar e was added. This mixture was'h eld at this teinperature for three hours. 1200' parts of was added and the mixture was'heat'ed at 230 C. until the" acid number p'a'it's o'f ieic anh diide was added Birfd the resulting mixhirewas heated at 200 c. for one (hydroity hour. The resin mixture was then cooled to 1013 C. and GO'DaIIJ'S 0f water'aud'ed; Heating wascontinued at this temperature for an additional hour'i his vehiclefm'ay beus'e'd in any of theabove formulations for the" preparation of' paste paints that will dilute with" water.

100'- part'sof' this composition cari be sub'sti fluted for malinifleti linseed oil in any of EX- ainplesA to'G iriclusive.

Phthalic acid, maleic acid, fum'aric acid; Letizih ro htha 1c ac succinic acid, etri, can be substitutein proper molecular ratio for rosin in the foregoing" example or" analogous fofinulations-oi lon'goll length anemia to provide aid dendum products with maleicanhydride, which can be hydrolybed and reacted with sodium silicate. other alcohols th'rit'oli stituted for glycerol in he'se'alk'ydre'sins.

Elm'mpl 1766- parts or: nriseed' on was thiis esterified 49 parts of" with 31" parts of et y'leri'e ilfi o1: maleic anhydride was add stea the reached 50-55: 300' was heated at 200 C. until the acid number reached 6-9. An additional 185 parts of maleic anhydride was added and the reaction was continued at this temperature for one hour. This reaction mixture was then cooled to 100-l20 C. and 37 parts of water was added. Heating was continued for one hour. This vehicle may be used in any or the above formulations in place of maleinized linseed oil for the preparation of paste paints that will dilute with water.

China-wood oil, extracted linseed 011, high iodine soya bean oil, or any of the sygthe ie an ing oils may 5e maleinized, hydrolyzed, and used in the above formulations to prepare resin-emulsion paints. Oils, such as linseed or soya bean, concentrated by the process disclosed in Freeman Patent 2,200,391 can also be employed.

In the films obtained by use of the vehicles herein disclosed it would appear that at least some of the unsaturated bonds of the maleic anhydride-drying oil reaction product possess a capacity for air drying and the films thus set up comparatively hard. They, also, become sufficiently water-resistant to admit of washing.

The embodiments of the invention herein disclosed are to be considered merely as being representative or typical. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications may be made therein without departure from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

This application constitutes a division of my copending application Serial No. 513,727 filed Dec. 10, 1943 and titled Process of making a water dispersible coating vehicle, which has now matured into U. 8. Patent No. 2,423,230, issued on July 1,1947.

I claim:

1. A process of forming a water-emulsifiabie, air drying coating composition from the reaction product of glycerol, rosin and linseed oil, which process comprises treating said product with maleic anhydride at a temperature of about 200 C. for a period of about one hour to form an addendum product therewith, hydrolyzing the product with water by heating to approximately 100 to 130 C. and neutralizing the product with a mixture of sodium silicate and a basic nitrogen compound soluble in water and consisting of ammonia and alkylol amines and morpholine.

2. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the basic nitrogen compound is ammonia.

3. A process of forming water-emulsiflable, air drying coating compositions from the reaction product of linseed oil, glycerin and rosin, the product being of an acid number of approximately 50 to 55, the steps comprising reacting said resin with maleic anhydride for approximately one hour at about 200 0., partially cooling the product and hydrolyzing it with water at about 100 to 130 C., then neutralizing the hydrolyzed product with a mixture of sodium silicate and a water soluble basic nitrogen compound and consisting of ammonia, morpholine, and alkylolamines.

REFERENCE 4. In a process of forming water-emulsiflable, air drying coating compositions from reaction product of glycerol, linseed oil and rosin, the ingredients being respectively in the approximate ratios of 92 parts by weight of glycerol, 1756 parts by weight of linseed oil and 1200 parts by weight of rosin, the product being of an acid number of 50 to 55, the steps of adding 300 parts of maleic anhydride, heating the mixture to approximately 200 C. for one hour, then hydrolyzing the resultant resin with water at approximately to C. and neutralizing the hydrolyzed product with a mixture of sodium silicate and a basic nitrogen compound soluble in water and consisting of ammonia, morpholine and alkylol amines.

5. A process of preparing resin compositions capable of forming emulsions in water which process comprises heating glycerol and a drying glyceride oil to form a glycerized drying oil product, reacting the resultant product with rosin, then heating the glyceride oil-glycerolrosin reaction product with maleic anhydride to form an adduct, subsequently hydrolyzing the adduct with water to break the anhydride rings and neutralizing the hydrolyzed product with a mixture of sodium silicate and a basic nitrogen compound soluble in water and consisting of a compound of a class consisting of ammonia, morpholine and alkylol amines.

6. A process of forming a water emulsiflable air drying coating composition which process comprises heating linseed oil and glycerol to form a glycerized product, then heating the glycerized product with rosin to form an ester product, further heating the ester product with maleic anhydride to form a maleinized product, hydrolyzing the anhydride rings of the maleinized product by heating said product with water and neutralizing the hydrolyzed product with sodium silicate and a water soluble basic nitrogen compound of a class consisting of ammonia, morpholine and alkylol amines.

7. A process of forming a water emulsifiable, air drying coating composition which process comprises heating linseed oil and glycerol to form glycerized linseed oil, heating the glycerized product with rosin to form an ester subsequently heating the ester with maleic anhydride at a temperature of about 200 C. for about 1 hour, then hydrolyzing the resultant product with water at approximately 100 to 130 C. and neutralizing the hydrolyzed product with a mixture of sodium silicate and a basic nitrogen compound of a class consisting of ammonia, morpholine and alkylol GEORGE E. EILERMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS amines.

Number Name Date 2,039,243 Krzikalla et a1. Apr. 28, 1936 2,051,409 Kenney Aug. 18, 1936 

